Create regular or AI-based planar inverted-F antenna
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Description
The pifa object is a planar inverted-F antenna. The default PIFA antenna is centered at the origin. The feed point is along the length of the antenna.
You can perform full-wave EM solver based analysis on the regular pifa antenna or you can create a pifa type AIAntenna and explore the design space to tune the antenna for your application using AI-based analysis.
Creation
Syntax
pf = pifa
pf = pifa(Name=Value)
Description
example
pf = pifa
example
pf = pifa(Name=Value)Name is the property name and Value is the corresponding value. You can specify several name-value pair arguments in any order as Name1=Value1, ..., NameN=ValueN. Properties that you do not specify retain their default values.
You can also create a
pifaantenna resonating at a desired frequency using the design function.You can also create a
pifaantenna from a microstrip patch type AIAntenna object using the exportAntenna function.A
pifatypeAIAntennahas some common tunable properties with a regularpifaantenna for AI-based analysis. Other properties of the regularpifaantenna are retained as read-only in itsAIAntennaequivalent. To find the upper and lower bounds of the tunable properties, use tunableRanges function.
Properties
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Length — PIFA antenna length
0.0300 (default) | positive scalar | tunable for pifa type AIAntenna
PIFA antenna length, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, the length is measured along the x-axis. This property is tunable for pifa type AIAntenna object created using the design function.
Example: 75e-3
Data Types: double
Width — PIFA antenna width
0.0200 (default) | positive scalar | tunable for pifa type AIAntenna
PIFA antenna width, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, the width is measured along the y-axis. This property is tunable for pifa type AIAntenna object created using the design function.
Example: 35e-3
Data Types: double
Height — Height of substrate
0.0100 (default) | positive scalar | tunable for pifa type AIAntenna
Height of the substrate, specified as a scalar in meters. This property is tunable for pifa type AIAntenna object created using the design function.
Example: 37e-3
Data Types: double
Substrate — Type of dielectric material
"Air" (default) | dielectric object
Type of dielectric material used as a substrate, specified as an object. For more information see, dielectric. For more information on dielectric substrate meshing, see Meshing.
Note
The substrate dimensions must be equal to the ground plane dimensions.
Example: dielectric("FR4")
GroundPlaneLength — Ground plane length
0.0360 (default) | positive scalar
Ground plane length, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, ground plane length is measured along the x-axis.
Note
Infinite ground plane length is currently unsupported.
Example: 3
Data Types: double
GroundPlaneWidth — Ground plane width
0.0360 (default) | positive scalar
Ground plane width, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, ground plane width is measured along the y-axis.
Note
Infinite ground plane width is currently unsupported.
Example: 2.5
Data Types: double
PatchCenterOffset — Signed distance from center along length and width of ground plane
[0 0] (default) | two-element vector
Signed distance from the center along length and width of the ground plane, specified as a two-element vector in meters. Use this property to adjust the location of the patch relative to the ground plane.
Example: [0.01 0.01]
Data Types: double
ShortPinWidth — Shorting pin width of patch
0.0200 (default) | positive scalar | tunable for pifa type AIAntenna
Shorting pin width of patch, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, the shorting pin width is measured along the y-axis. This property is tunable for pifa type AIAntenna object created using the design function.
Example: 3
Data Types: double
FeedOffset — Signed distance of feed point from origin
[–0.0020 0] (default) | two-element vector
Signed distance from center along length and width of ground plane, specified as a two-element vector. Use this property to adjust the location of the feed point relative to ground plane and patch.
Example: [0.01 0.01]
Data Types: double
Conductor — Type of metal material
"PEC" (default) | metal object
Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal material object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. For more information, see metal. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.
Example: metal("Copper")
Load — Lumped elements
[1x1 lumpedElement] (default) | lumpedElement object
Lumped elements added to the antenna feed, specified as a lumpedElement object. You can add a load anywhere on the surface of the antenna. By default, the load is at the feed. For more information, see lumpedElement.
Example: lumpedElement(Impedance=75)
Tilt — Tilt angle of antenna
0 (default) | scalar | vector
Tilt angle of the antenna in degrees, specified as a scalar or vector. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.
Example: 90
Example: Tilt=[90 90],TiltAxis=[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.
Data Types: double
TiltAxis — Tilt axis of antenna
[1 0 0] (default) | three-element vector | 2-by-3 matrix | "X" | "Y" | "Z"
Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as one of these values:
Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the x-, y-, and z-axes.
Two points in space, specified as a 2-by-3 matrix corresponding to two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points.
"x","y", or"z"to describe a rotation about the x-, y-, or z-axis, respectively.
For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.
Example: [0 1 0]
Example: [0 0 0;0 1 0]
Example: "Z"
Data Types: double | string
Object Functions
| axialRatio | Calculate and/or plot axial ratio of antenna or array |
| bandwidth | Calculate and/or plot absolute bandwidth of antenna |
| beamwidth | Beamwidth of antenna |
| charge | Charge distribution on antenna or array surface |
| current | Current distribution on antenna or array surface |
| design | Design prototype antenna or arrays for resonance around specified frequency or create AI-based antenna from antenna catalog objects |
| efficiency | Radiation efficiency of antenna |
| EHfields | Electric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays |
| impedance | Input impedance of antenna or scan impedance of array |
| info | Display information about antenna, array, or platform |
| memoryEstimate | Estimate memory required to solve antenna or array mesh |
| mesh | Mesh properties of metal, dielectric antenna, or array structure |
| meshconfig | Change meshing mode of antenna, array, custom antenna, custom array, or custom geometry |
| optimize | Optimize antenna or array using SADEA optimizer |
| pattern | Plot radiation pattern and phase of antenna or array or embedded pattern of antenna element in array |
| patternAzimuth | Azimuth plane radiation pattern of antenna or array |
| patternElevation | Elevation plane radiation pattern of antenna or array |
| rcs | Calculate and plot monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of platform, antenna, or array |
| resonantFrequency | Calculate and/or plot resonant frequency of antenna |
| returnLoss | Return loss of antenna or scan return loss of array |
| show | Display antenna, array structures, shapes, or platform |
| sparameters | Calculate S-parameters for antennas and antenna arrays |
| vswr | Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna or array element |
Examples
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Create and View Planar Inverted-F Antenna(PIFA) Antenna
Open Live Script
Create and view a PIFA antenna with 30 mm length, 20 mm width over a 35 mm x 35 mm ground plane, and feedpoint at (-2 mm,0,0).
pf = pifa
pf = pifa with properties: Length: 0.0300 Width: 0.0200 Height: 0.0100 Substrate: [1x1 dielectric] GroundPlaneLength: 0.0360 GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0360 PatchCenterOffset: [0 0] ShortPinWidth: 0.0200 FeedOffset: [-0.0020 0] Conductor: [1x1 metal] Tilt: 0 TiltAxis: [1 0 0] Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]
show(pf)
Radiation Pattern of PIFA Antenna
Open Live Script
Plot the radiation pattern of a PIFA antenna at a frequency of 2.3 GHz.
pf = pifa(Length=30e-3,Width=20e-3,GroundPlaneLength=35e-3,... GroundPlaneWidth=35e-3)pf = pifa with properties: Length: 0.0300 Width: 0.0200 Height: 0.0100 Substrate: [1x1 dielectric] GroundPlaneLength: 0.0350 GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0350 PatchCenterOffset: [0 0] ShortPinWidth: 0.0200 FeedOffset: [-0.0020 0] Conductor: [1x1 metal] Tilt: 0 TiltAxis: [1 0 0] Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]
pattern(pf,2.3e9);
Impedance of PIFA Antenna
Open Live Script
Create a PIFA antenna using a dielectric substrate 'RO4725JXR'.
d = dielectric("RO4725JXR");pf = pifa(Length=30e-3, Width=20e-3, Height=0.0060, GroundPlaneLength=35e-3, ... GroundPlaneWidth=35e-3, Substrate=d)
pf = pifa with properties: Length: 0.0300 Width: 0.0200 Height: 0.0060 Substrate: [1x1 dielectric] GroundPlaneLength: 0.0350 GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0350 PatchCenterOffset: [0 0] ShortPinWidth: 0.0200 FeedOffset: [-0.0020 0] Conductor: [1x1 metal] Tilt: 0 TiltAxis: [1 0 0] Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]
show(pf)
Calculate the impedance of the antenna over the specified frequency range. GHz.
impedance(pf,linspace(2.2e9,2.5e9,31));
Create AI Model Based PIFA Antenna
This example uses:
- Antenna ToolboxAntenna Toolbox
- Statistics and Machine Learning ToolboxStatistics and Machine Learning Toolbox
Open Live Script
This example shows how to create an AI model based PIFA antenna at 2.4 GHz and calculate its resonant frequency.
pAI = design(pifa,2.4e9,ForAI=true)
pAI = AIAntenna with properties: Antenna Info AntennaType: 'pifa' InitialDesignFrequency: 2.4000e+09 Tunable Parameters Length: 0.0292 Width: 0.0194 Height: 0.0097 ShortPinWidth: 0.0194Use 'showReadOnlyProperties(pAI)' to show read-only properties
Vary its length and width and calculate its resonant frequency.
pAI.Length = 0.03;pAI.Width = 0.0175;resonantFrequency(pAI)
ans = 2.4132e+09
Convert the AIAntenna to a regular PIFA antenna.
pmC = exportAntenna(pAI)
pmC = pifa with properties: Length: 0.0300 Width: 0.0175 Height: 0.0097 Substrate: [1x1 dielectric] GroundPlaneLength: 0.0350 GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0350 PatchCenterOffset: [0 0] ShortPinWidth: 0.0194 FeedOffset: [-0.0019 0] Conductor: [1x1 metal] Tilt: 0 TiltAxis: [1 0 0] Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]
References
[1] Balanis, Constantine A. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. Fourth edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2016.
Version History
Introduced in R2015a
expand all
R2023b: AI model based antenna analysis
Design, tune, and analyze this antenna using an AI model. Using AI-based antenna models over conventional full-wave solvers significantly reduces the simulation time required to fine-tune the antenna to meet your design goals. Set the ForAI argument in the design function to true to create a pifa type AIAntenna. To use this feature, you need license to the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ in addition to the Antenna Toolbox™.
See Also
Functions
- design | exportAntenna | resonantFrequency
Objects
- patchMicrostrip | invertedF | invertedL | AIAntenna
Topics
- Design PIFA for WLAN Wi-Fi Applications
- Model Infinite Ground Plane for Unbalanced Antennas
- Rotate Antennas and Arrays
- Infinite Ground Plane
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